Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic ovary syndrome, commonly referred to as PCOS, is a hormonal imbalance disorder faced by numerous women across the world. Around 10% to 13% of women of reproductive age have PCOS, and sadly, around 70% of these cases go undiagnosed. Rates of PCOS cases have also been increasing in the past three decades. 

What is polycystic ovary syndrome?

With PCOS, female ovaries create extra hormones. This increases hormonal levels to unusual levels called androgens, imbalancing reproductive hormones. 

What are the symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome?

• Abnormal periods & menstruation

• Excess hair growth

• Acne

• Obesity

• Darkening of skin

• Cysts

• Skin tags

• Thinning hair

• Infertility

• No visible symptoms

What causes polycystic ovary syndrome?

There is currently no known main cause of PCOS. However, some risk factors include insulin resistance, higher androgen levels, genetic history, and chronic inflammation.

How is polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed?

Healthcare providers typically diagnose PCOS through examinations, discussions, blood tests, and/or ultrasounds. This can include discussions about symptoms, medical history, genetic history, physical examinations, pelvic exams, blood tests to determine hormone and glucose levels, and pelvic ultrasounds. The main symptoms to diagnose PCOS include missed or irregular periods, excess androgen symptoms like excessive hair growth or acne, blood tests showing high androgen levels, enlarged ovaries, or ovaries appearing to be polycystic on ultrasound.

How can polycystic ovary syndrome be treated?

Unfortunately, there is no cure for PCOS. However, various treatments can make symptoms more manageable. These include hormonal birth control to help regulate menstrual cycles and, in many cases, improve other side effects. Additionally, medicines and medications to sensitize insulin and block androgens may be prescribed. Lifestyle changes, such as managing body weight and eating nutritious foods, can also help improve symptoms. 

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Works Cited

Cleveland Clinic. “Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).” Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, 15 Feb. 2023, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8316-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos.